Publication

For a full list of publications, please visit Google Scholar. (†corresponding author)

2026

ModelPinch: Diverse Task Experts Are Dense Even in 4 Parameters
ResearchGate preprint
LLMs Are Already Good Tutors: Training-Free Prompt Optimization for Pedagogical Math Tutoring
U Lee, M Shin, Y Jeong, S Lee, J Moon, K Joo, E Lee, H Kwon
arXiv preprint arXiv:2605.27088
Are Video Models Zero-Shot Learners and Reasoners in Education? EduVideoBench, A Knowledge-Skills-Attitude Benchmark for Educational Video Generation
U Lee, H Ahn, Y Choi, S Eun, J Jeong, S Jin, H Jung, HJ Kim, C Lee, ...
arXiv preprint arXiv:2605.26918
BuddyBench: A Privacy-Constrained Multi-Task Benchmark for Pediatric Social-Communication Personalization
J Eo, JY Kim, R Ju, M Jung, U Lee†
arXiv preprint arXiv:2605.28089
TeachObs: A Human-Validated Benchmark for Multimodal Teaching Observation and Model Evaluation
Y Jeong, Y Yoo, S Sohn, H Han, J Lee, S Howard, U Lee†
arXiv preprint arXiv:2605.30673
Reinforcement Learning for Special Education: Aligning LLM Tutors to Diverse Learners through Disability-Adaptive Training
U Lee, J Na, Y Jeong, H Park, Y Jang
arXiv preprint arXiv:2605.30670
The Tutoring Effectiveness Index: Predicting LLM Math Tutor Quality from Four Conversation Signals
J Shim, U Lee†
arXiv preprint arXiv:2605.30666
Llama-Polya: Instruction Tuning for Large Language Model based on Polya's Problem-solving
U Lee, Y Jeong, C Lee, G Byun, Y Lee, M Kang, M Jeon
arXiv preprint arXiv:2602.10597
ISD-Agent-Bench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Evaluating LLM-based Instructional Design Agents
YH Jeon, S Kim, H Son, S Lee, Y Jeong, U Lee†
arXiv preprint arXiv:2602.10620
Exploring the Role of Automated Feedback in Programming Education: A Systematic Literature Review
Y Jung, Y Lee, J Bae, DY Kim, H Choi, M Kang, U Lee†
arXiv preprint arXiv:2602.00089
Rewarding How Models Think Pedagogically: Integrating Pedagogical Reasoning and Thinking Rewards for LLMs in Education
U Lee, J Bae, J Park, H Park, T Park, Y Jeon, S Cho, J Koh, Y Jeong, ...
arXiv preprint arXiv:2601.14560
Pedagogical Alignment for Vision-Language-Action Models: A Comprehensive Framework for Data, Architecture, and Evaluation in Education
U Lee, J Jeong, S Shin, H Park, J Moon, Y Song, J Shim, JH Lee, Y Noh, ...
arXiv preprint arXiv:2601.13876
OpenLearnLM Benchmark: A Unified Framework for Evaluating Knowledge, Skill, and Attitude in Educational Large Language Models
U Lee, S Lee, H Choi, J Lee, H Park, Y Jeon, S Cho, M Kang, J Koh, J Bae, ...
arXiv preprint arXiv:2601.13882
A Training-Free Large Reasoning Model-based Knowledge Tracing Framework for Unified Prediction and Prescription
U Lee, JY Kim, R Ju, M Jung, J Eo
arXiv preprint arXiv:2601.01708

2025

Development and Implementation of a Generative Artificial Intelligence-enhanced Simulation to Enhance Problem-Solving Skills for Pre-service Teachers
J Lim, U Lee, J Koh, Y Jeong, Y Lee, G Byun, H Jung, Y Jang, SH Lee, ...
Computers & Education
Generative artificial intelligence in educational game design: Nuanced challenges, design implications, and future research
J Moon, U Lee, J Koh, Y Jeong, Y Lee, G Byun, J Lim
Technology, Knowledge and Learning 30 (1), 447-459
Can we use GPT-4 as a mathematics evaluator in education?: Exploring the efficacy and limitation of LLM-based automatic assessment system for open-ended mathematics question
U Lee, Y Kim, S Lee, J Park, J Mun, E Lee, H Kim, C Lim, YJ Yoo
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education 35 (3), 1560-1596
Echo-teddy: Preliminary design and development of large language model-based social robot for autistic students
U Lee, H Kim, J Eom, H Jeong, S Lee, G Byun, Y Lee, M Kang, G Kim, ...
International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 287-301
How can video generative AI transform K-12 education? Examining teachers' perspectives through TPACK and TAM
U Lee, Y Jeong, S Kim, Y Son, G Byun, H Kim, C Lim
arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.08003
ES-KT-24: A multimodal knowledge tracing benchmark dataset with educational game playing video and synthetic text generation
D Kim, U Lee†, S Lee, J Bae, T Ahn, J Park, G Lee, H Kim
International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 259-273
Pedagogy-R1: Pedagogical Large Reasoning Model and Well-balanced Educational Benchmark
U Lee, J Lee, J Bae, Y Jeong, J Koh, GB Lee, G Lee, T Ahn, H Kim
ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM)
LLaVA-Docent-V2: Improving Data Quality and Pedagogical Data Generation to Train Large Multimodal Models for Art Appreciation Education
U Lee, Y Son, J Shin, G Byun, Y Lee, J Koh, M Jeon, H Kim
International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 213-228
Key Stakeholder Voices on Designing and Developing Social Robots for Autistic Students
GY Kim, U Lee, H Kim, J Eom, H Jeong, S Lee, G Byun, Y Lee, M Kang, ...
INSAR 2025

2024

LLaVA-docent: Instruction tuning with multimodal large language model to support art appreciation education
U Lee†, M Jeon, Y Lee, G Byun, Y Son, J Shin, H Ko, H Kim
Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence 7, 100297
Can ChatGPT be a debate partner? Developing ChatGPT-based application "DEBO" for debate education, findings and limitations
U Lee, Y Jeong, J Koh, G Byun, Y Lee, Y Hwang, H Kim, C Lim
Educational Technology & Society 27 (2), 321-346
Language model can do knowledge tracing: Simple but effective method to integrate language model and knowledge tracing task
U Lee, J Bae, D Kim, S Lee, J Park, T Ahn, G Lee, D Stratton, H Kim
arXiv preprint arXiv:2406.02893
MonaCoBERT: Monotonic attention based ConvBERT for knowledge tracing
U Lee, Y Park, Y Kim, S Choi, H Kim
International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 107-123
Difficulty-Focused Contrastive Learning for Knowledge Tracing with a Large Language Model-Based Difficulty Prediction
U Lee, S Yoon, JS Yun, K Park, YH Jung, D Stratton, H Kim
LREC-COLING 2024
How to align large language models for teaching English? Designing and developing LLM based-chatbot for teaching English conversation in EFL, findings and limitations
J Park, J Bae, U Lee†, T Ahn, S Lee, D Kim, A Choi, Y Jeong, J Moon, ...
arXiv preprint arXiv:2409.04987
I see you: teacher analytics with GPT-4 vision-powered observational assessment
U Lee†, Y Jeong, J Koh, G Byun, Y Lee, H Lee, S Eun, J Moon, C Lim, ...
Smart Learning Environments 11 (1), 48
From prediction to application: Language model-based code knowledge tracing with domain adaptive pre-training and automatic feedback system with pedagogical prompting
U Lee, J Bae, Y Jung, M Kang, G Byun, Y Lee, D Kim, S Lee, J Park, ...
arXiv preprint arXiv:2409.00323
Implication of a Case Study using Generative AI in Elementary School: Using Stable Diffusion for STEAM Education
U Lee, A Han, J Lee, E Lee, J Kim, H Kim, C Lim
The Journal of Applied Instructional Design

2023

Few-shot is enough: exploring ChatGPT prompt engineering method for automatic question generation in english education
U Lee†, H Jung, Y Jeon, Y Sohn, W Hwang, J Moon, H Kim
Education and Information Technologies 29 (9), 11483-11515
Prompt Aloud!: Incorporating image-generative AI into STEAM class with learning analytics using prompt data
U Lee, A Han, J Lee, E Lee, J Kim, H Kim, C Lim
Education and Information Technologies 29 (8), 9575-9605
Generative Agent for Teacher Training: Designing Educational Problem-Solving Simulations with Large Language Model-based Agents for Pre-Service Teachers
U Lee, S Lee, J Koh, Y Jeong, H Jung, G Byun, Y Lee, J Moon, J Lim, ...
NeurIPS 2023 Workshop on Generative AI for Education (GAIED)
The role of social presence in MOOC students' behavioral intentions and sentiments toward the usage of a learning assistant chatbot
S Han, J Jung, H Ji, U Lee, M Liu
International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, 236-241

2022

Development and application of a data science education program for elementary school students
C Lim, J Lee, Y Song, U Lee, H Lee, E Lim
Journal of Educational Information and Media, 319-345

2021

A study on the design process and effects of educational programs using the digital content authoring tool Namo Author
C Lim, J Yeom, J Lee, H Jeong, S Choi, U Lee
Journal of Educational Information and Media, 423-446
Development of a software-subject convergence education program for pre-service teachers
C Lim, H Ji, J Park, Y Bae, U Lee
Journal of Educational Information and Media 27 (1), 1-27

2020

Development of a deep learning-based art learning support tool using generative modeling
U Lee, S Kang, J Lee, W Choi, C Lim
Journal of Educational Information and Media 26 (1), 207-236
An exploratory proposal of needs analysis methodology for developing AI model-based learning support tools in elementary schools
U Lee, S Kang
Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 1 (1), 15-20

Books

Generative AI for Education and Learning (AI Book Series 60)
U Lee
Communication Books, 2024
Will Teachers Survive in the AI Era?
Y Kang, K Gye, K Kwon, ... U Lee, ... et al.
Hakisiseup, 2021